As far as I know, we have no evidence about what was in his mind during composition of the Pathetique. We do know of at least two other musical works from which he drew inspiration for the Pathetique. Perhaps there is nothing psychological to discuss, although people to love to speculate and sometimes these wild imaginings even make it into print. The Pathetique is from his early period, so blindness was not a factor.

Only thing I know about for sure is that he seems to have greatly admired the French revolution, and in particular First Consul Bonaparte. It is said that he intended to decate his 3rd (“Heroic”) symphony to him, but that upon learning that he had crowned himself emperor, started hating the character and tore up the projected dedication.